Disease - Sypmtopms
Check Your disease Symptoms, causes and cure
Refer this information and help yourself to identify possible health conditions based on the symptoms you are experiencing. This is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. If you have any concerns about your health or the symptoms you are experiencing, please consult with a healthcare professional.
Refer for more relevant information: Patient Care and Health Information ( By Mayoclinic) OR Health Topics ( By Medlineplus)
Disease, Symptoms, Causes and Cure
| Name | Cause | Symptoms | Cure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anemia | The causes of anemia may be classified as impaired red blood cell (RBC) production, increased RBC destruction (hemolytic anemias), blood loss and fluid overload (hypervolemia). Several of these may interplay to cause anemia eventually. Indeed, the most common cause of anemia is blood loss, but this usually does not cause any lasting symptoms unless a relatively impaired RBC production develops, in turn most commonly byiron deficiency. | Anemia goes undetected in many people and symptoms can be minor. The symptoms can be related to an underlying cause or the anemia itself. Most commonly, people with anemia report feelings of weakness or tired, and sometimes poor concentration. They may also report shortness of breath on exertion. In very severe anemia, the body may compensate for the lack of oxygen-carrying capability of the blood by increasing cardiac output. The patient may have symptoms related to this, such as palpitations, angina (if pre-existing heart disease is present), intermittent claudication of the legs, and symptoms of heart failure. On examination, the signs exhibited may include pallor (pale skin, lining mucosa, conjunctiva and nail beds), but this is not a reliable sign. There may be signs of specific causes of anemia. | Treatment for anemia usually involves taking iron supplements and making changes to your diet. If the underlying cause of iron deficiency is loss of blood - other than from menstruation - the source of the bleeding must be located and stopped. This may involve surgery. |
| Diarrhea | Diarrhea is a problem everyone is familiar with it is one of the most common reasons for people to seek medical advice - but it can range from being a mild, usually temporary condition, to one that can threaten life. Most cases of diarrhea are the symptom of an infection in the gastrointestinal tract. The microbes causing gastrointestinal infection that leads to diarrhea include: Bacteria Viruses Parasitic organisms. The most commonly identified causes of acute diarrhea in the US are the bacteria Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shigella and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. There are cases of chronic diarrhea that are labeled "functional" because they cannot be not explained by structural or biochemical abnormalities. In the developed world, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common cause of functional diarrhea | Signs and symptoms associated with diarrhea may include: Frequent, loose, watery stools Abdominal cramps Abdominal pain Fever Blood in the stool Bloating | Take frequent, small sips of water or a re-hydration drink and small bites of salty crackers. Try to increase your fluid intake to at least 1 qt (1 L) per hour for 1 to 2 hours, or longer if you keep having large amounts of diarrhea. |
| Lung Cancer | Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells that start off in one or both lungs; usually in the cells that line the air passages. The abnormal cells do not develop into healthy lung tissue, they divide rapidly and form tumors. Primary lung cancer originates in the lungs, while secondary lung cancer starts somewhere else in the body, metastasizes, and reaches the lungs. They are considered different types of cancers and are not treated in the same way. If lung cancer spreads to distant organs, it may cause: Bone pain (like pain in the back or hips). Nervous system changes (such as headache, weakness or numbness of an arm or leg, dizziness, balance problems, or seizures), from cancer spread to the brain or spinal cord. Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), from cancer spread to the liver. Lumps near the surface of the body, due to cancer spreading to the skin or to lymph nodes (collections of immune system cells), such as those in the neck or above the collarbone. | The most common symptoms of lung cancer are: A cough that does not go away or gets worse. Coughing up blood or rust-colored sputum (spit or phlegm). Chest pain that is often worse with deep breathing, coughing, or laughing. Hoarseness. Weight loss and loss of appetite. Shortness of breath. Feeling tired or weak. Infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia that don’t go away or keep coming back. New onset of wheezing. | Treatment depends on the type of lung cancer you have. The treatment for non small cell lung cancer is different from the treatment for small cell lung cancer. Small cell lung cancer is mostly treated with chemotherapy. Surgery is only suitable if there is no sign that the cancer has spread to the lymph glands in the centre of the chest (the mediastinal lymph glands). This is rare with small cell lung cancer. It has usually spread at the time of diagnosis. So chemotherapy is usually the main treatment. You may also have radiotherapy to treat this type of lung cancer. Non small cell lung cancer can be treated with surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or a combination of these, depending on the stage when the cancer is diagnosed. Some people with advanced lung cancer may have biological therapy. |
| Coronary Artery Diseases | What Is Coronary Artery Disease? The arteries, which start out smooth and elastic, get plaque on their inner walls, which can make them more rigid and narrowed. This restricts blood flow to your heart, which can then become starved of oxygen. The plaque could rupture, leading to a heart attack or sudden cardiac death. Risk Factors: Coronary artery disease has a number of well determined risk factors. The most common risk factors include smoking, family history, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, lack of exercise, stress, and high blood lipids.Smoking is associated with about 36% of cases and obesity 20%.Lack of exercise has been linked to 7–12% of cases.Exposure to the herbicide Agent orange may increase risk.Both rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus are independent risk factors as well. | Sign and Symptoms: Chest pain that occurs regularly with activity, after eating, or at other predictable times is termed stable angina and is associated with narrowing of the arteries of the heart. Angina that changes in intensity, character or frequency is termed unstable. Unstable angina may precede myocardial infarction. In adults who go to the emergency department with an unclear cause of pain, about 30% have pain due to coronary artery disease | Lower your blood pressure. Prevent blood clots, which can lead to heart attack or stroke. Prevent or delay the need for a stent or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or surgery, such as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Reduce your heart's workload and relieve coronary heart disease symptoms. |
| Adenovirus Infection | What causes an infection with Adenovirus 14 (Ad14)? Usually, an individual becomes infected with Ad14 through person-to-person exposure via droplets containing Ad14 expelled by an infected person who coughs or sneezes. When these droplets reach the eyes, nose, or mouth, the Ad14 virus can attach and infect cells. These infected sites allow the virus to proliferate in some patients, and the virus then may go on to infect other organ systems, especially the lungs. Ad14 also can be passed through direct hand-to-hand contact if an infected patient has not washed their hands after coughing or sneezing. Adenoviruses can survive for days on objects like doorknobs, hand rails, and other objects. If a non-infected person touches the contaminated item, they can pick up the virus and then transfer it to a site (mouth, nose, eyes) where the virus can infect cells and proliferate. | Signs and Symptoms: Adenovirus 14 (Ad14) is termed the killer cold virus because of the high incidence of hospitalizations and deaths attributed to the viral strain. Ad14 viruses are passed person to person or picked up from items touched by infected people and then initially invade cells in the eye, nose, or mouth that subsequently allow further spread to other body organs. Symptoms and signs resemble those of a cold (cough, runny nose, mild fever) for about three to five days; the majority of people clear the disease, but up to about 40% may need hospitalization with severe symptoms of pneumonia, and shortness of breath; other organ related symptoms may develop such as eye, bladder, and GI problems. | There is currently no adenovirus vaccine available to the general public.
You can protect yourself and others from adenoviruses and other respiratory illnesses by following a few simple steps: 1. Wash your hands often with soap and water. 2. Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing. 3. Avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands. 4. Avoid close contact with people who are sick. 5. Stay home when you are sick. |
| Arthritis | Osteoarthritis is often called “wear-and-tear arthritis” and is caused by the cartilage in joints wearing away over time. | Pain in affected finger | Pain relief medications, anti-inflammatory drugs, physical therapy, exercise, lifestyle modifications, surgery (in severe cases). |
| Type-2 Diabetes | What Causes Diabetes? Your pancreas makes a hormone called insulin. It's what lets your cells turn glucose from the food you eat into energy. People with type 2 diabetes make insulin, but their cells don't use it as well as they should. Doctors call this insulin resistance. At first, the pancreas makes more insulin to try to get glucose into the cells. But eventually it can't keep up, and the sugar builds up in your blood instead. Usually a combination of things cause type 2 diabetes, including: Genes:Scientists have found different bits of DNA that affect how your body makes insulin. Extra weight:Being overweight or obese can cause insulin resistance, especially if you carry your extra pounds around the middle. Now type 2 diabetes affects kids and teens as well as adults, mainly because of childhood obesity. | The symptoms of type 2 diabetes can be so mild you don't notice them. In fact, about 8 million people who have it don't know it. Being very thirsty Peeing a lot Blurry vision Being irritable Tingling or numbness in your hands or feet. Feeling worn out. Wounds that don't heal. Yeast infections that keep coming back. | Of those people who don't need diabetes medicine, some find that their diabetes does "reverse" with weight control, diabetes-healthy eating, and exercise. Their bodies are still able to make and use insulin, and their blood sugar levels go back to normal. Their diabetes is in remission. The first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes is diet, weight control and physical activity. If your blood sugar (glucose) level remains high despite a trial of these lifestyle measures then tablets to reduce the blood glucose level are usually advised. Insulin injections are needed in some cases if the blood glucose level remains too high despite taking tablets. Treatments for other related problems may also be advised. |
| Sleeping sickness | Causes Sleeping sickness is caused by two germs (protozoa), Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosomoa brucei gambiense . The more severe form of the illness is caused by T. b. rhodesiense. Tsetse flies carry the infection. When an infected fly bites you, the infection spreads through your blood. Risk factors include living in parts of Africa where the disease is found and being bitten by tsetse flies. The disease does not occur in the United States. But travelers who have visited or lived in Africa can have the infection. | General symptoms include: Anxiety Drowsiness during the day Fever Headache Insomnia at night Mood changes Sleepiness (may be uncontrollable) Sweating Swollen lymph nodes all over the body. Swollen, red, painful nodule at site of fly bite. Weakness | The main approaches to controlling African trypanosomiasis are to reduce the reservoirs of infection and the presence of the tsetse fly. Screening of people at risk helps identify patients at an early stage. Diagnosis should be made as early as possible and before the advanced stage to avoid complicated, difficult and risky treatment procedures. |
| Stroke | Causes A stroke occurs when the blood supply to your brain is interrupted or reduced. This deprives your brain of oxygen and nutrients, which can cause your brain cells to die. A stroke may be caused by a blocked artery (ischemic stroke) or the leaking or bursting of a blood vessel (hemorrhagic stroke). Some people may experience only a temporary disruption of blood flow to their brain (transient ischemic attack, or TIA). | Other symptoms you should know: Sudden NUMBNESS or weakness of face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body. Sudden CONFUSION, trouble speaking or understanding speech. Sudden TROUBLE SEEING in one or both eyes. Sudden TROUBLE WALKING, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination. Sudden SEVERE HEADACHE with no known cause. | Your doctor will probably prescribe several medicines after you have had a stroke. Medicines to prevent blood clots are typically used, because blood clots can cause TIAs and strokes.
The types of medicines that prevent clotting are: 1. Anticoagulant medicines. 2. Antiplatelet medicines. Cholesterol-lowering and blood-pressure-lowering medicines are also used to prevent TIAs and strokes. |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases | What are the risk factors and common causes of COPD? Most cases of COPD are caused by inhaling pollutants; that includes smoking (cigarettes, pipes, cigars, etc.), and second-hand smoke. Fumes, chemicals and dust found in many work environments are contributing factors for many individuals who develop COPD. Genetics can also play a role in an individual’s development of COPD—even if the person has never smoked or has ever been exposed to strong lung irritants in the workplace. | What are the signs and symptoms of COPD? Increased breathlessness Frequent coughing (with and without sputum) Wheezing Tightness in the chest | The best way to keep COPD from starting or from getting worse is to not smoke. There are clear benefits to quitting, even after years of smoking. When you stop smoking, you slow down the damage to your lungs. For most people who quit, loss of lung function is slowed to the same rate as a nonsmoker's. |
| Fungal Eye Infections | Who gets fungal eye infections? Fungal eye infections usually occur in association with the following: Eye injury, particularly with plant matter (for example, thorns or sticks) Eye surgery (most commonly, cataract surgery) Chronic eye disease involving the surface of the eye Wearing contact lenses Exposure to contaminated medical products that come in contact with the eye Fungal bloodstream infection (like candidemia) In addition to the risk factors listed above, people who have diabetes, weakened immune system, or use corticosteroids may be more likely to develop fungal eye infections than people without these conditions. | Symptoms of Fungal Eye Infections In people who have had exposures that put them at risk for fungal eye infections, the symptoms of a fungal eye infection can appear anywhere from several days to several weeks after the fungi enter the eye. The symptoms of a fungal eye infection are similar to the symptoms of other types of eye infections (such as those caused by bacteria) and can include: Eye pain Eye redness Blurred vision Sensitivity to light Excessive tearing Eye discharge If you have any of these symptoms, call your eye doctor right away. If you wear contact lenses, remove them immediately. Fungal eye infections are very rare, but if they aren’t treated, they can become serious and result in permanent vision loss or blindness. | All types of fungal eye infections must be treated with prescription antifungal medication, usually for several weeks to months. Natamycin is a topical (meaning it’s given in the form of eye drops) antifungal medication that works well for fungal infections involving the outer layer of the eye, particularly those caused by fungi such as Aspergillus and Fusarium. However, infections that are deeper and more severe may require treatment with antifungal medication such as amphotericin B, fluconazole, or voriconazole. These medications can be given by mouth, through a vein, or injected directly into the eye. |
| Avian Influenza | Avian Influenza A Virus Infections in Humans Although avian influenza A viruses usually do not infect humans, rare cases of human infection with these viruses have been reported. Infected birds shed avian influenza virus in their saliva, mucous and feces. Human infections with bird flu viruses can happen when enough virus gets into a person’s eyes, nose or mouth, or is inhaled. This can happen when virus is in the air (in droplets or possibly dust) and a person breathes it in, or when a person touches something that has virus on it then touches their mouth, eyes or nose. Rare human infections with some avian viruses have occurred most often after unprotected contact with infected birds or surfaces contaminated with avian influenza viruses. However, some infections have been identified where direct contact was not known to have occurred. Illness in humans has ranged from mild to severe. | Signs and Symptoms of Avian Influenza A Virus Infections in Humans The reported signs and symptoms of low pathogenic avian influenza* (LPAI) A virus infections in humans have ranged from conjunctivitis to influenza-like illness (e.g., fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches) to lower respiratory disease (pneumonia) requiring hospitalization. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A virus infections in people have been associated with a wide range of illness from conjunctivitis only, to influenza-like illness, to severe respiratory illness (e.g. shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress, viral pneumonia, respiratory failure) with multi-organ disease, sometimes accompanied by nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting and sometimes neurologic changes (altered mental status, seizures). | Currently, the best way to prevent infection with avian influenza A viruses is to avoid sources of exposure whenever possible. Most human infections with avian influenza A viruses have occurred following direct close or prolonged contact with sick or dead infected poultry. Infected birds shed avian influenza virus in their saliva, mucous and feces. Human infections with bird flu viruses can happen when enough virus gets into a person's eyes, nose or mouth, or is inhaled. This can happen when virus is in the air (in droplets or possibly dust) and a person breathes it in, or when a person touches something that has virus on it then touches their mouth, eyes or nose. |
| Dengue | Dengue: With more than one-third of the world’s population living in areas at risk for infection, dengue virus is a leading cause of illness and death in the tropics and subtropics. As many as 400 million people are infected yearly. Dengue is caused by any one of four related viruses transmitted by mosquitoes. There are not yet any vaccines to prevent infection with dengue virus and the most effective protective measures are those that avoid mosquito bites. When infected, early recognition and prompt supportive treatment can substantially lower the risk of medical complications and death. Dengue has emerged as a worldwide problem only since the 1950s. Although dengue rarely occurs in the continental United States, it is endemic in Puerto Rico and in many popular tourist destinations in Latin America, Southeast Asia and the Pacific islands. | The principal symptoms of dengue are: High fever and at least two of the following: Severe headache Severe eye pain (behind eyes) Joint pain Muscle and/or bone pain Rash Mild bleeding manifestation (e.g., nose or gum bleed, petechiae, or easy bruising) Low white cell count Generally, younger children and those with their first dengue infection have a milder illness than older children and adults. Watch for warning signs as temperature declines 3 to 7 days after symptoms began. Go IMMEDIATELY to an emergency room or the closest health care provider if any of the following warning signs appear: Severe abdominal pain or persistent vomiting Red spots or patches on the skin Bleeding from nose or gums Vomiting blood Black, tarry stools (feces, excrement) Drowsiness or irritability Pale, cold, or clammy skin Difficulty breathing | Because dengue is caused by a virus, there is no specific medicine or antibiotic to treat it, the only treatment is to treat the symptoms. For typical dengue, the treatment is purely concerned with relief of the symptoms (symptomatic). Rest and fluid intake for adequate hydration is important.Supplementation with intravenous fluids may be necessary to prevent dehydration and significant concentration of the blood if the patient is unable to maintain oral intake. A platelet transfusion is indicated in rare cases if the platelet level drops significantly (below 20,000) or if there is significant bleeding. The presence of melena may indicate internal gastrointestinal bleeding requiring platelet and/or red blood cell transfusion. |
| Venous Thromboembolism (Blood clots) | Complications of DVT The most serious complication of DVT happens when a part of the clot breaks off and travels through the bloodstream to the lungs, causing a blockage called pulmonary embolism (PE). If the clot is small, and with appropriate treatment, people can recover from PE. However, there could be some damage to the lungs. If the clot is large, it can stop blood from reaching the lungs and is fatal. In addition, nearly one-third of people who have a DVT will have long-term complications caused by the damage the clot does to the valves in the vein called post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). People with PTS have symptoms such as swelling, pain, discoloration, and in severe cases, scaling or ulcers in the affected part of the body. In some cases, the symptoms can be so severe that a person becomes disabled. For some people, DVT and PE can become a chronic illness; about 30% of people who have had a DVT or PE are at risk for another episode. | Everybody should know the signs and symptoms of Deep Vein Thrombosis(DVT)/PE, their risk for DVT/PE, to talk to their health care provider about their risk, and to seek care immediately if they have any sign or symptom of DVT/PE. DVT About half of people with DVT have no symptoms at all. The following are the most common symptoms of DVT that occur in the affected part of the body: Swelling Pain Tenderness Redness of the skin If you have any of these symptoms, you should see your doctor as soon as possible. PE You can have a PE without any symptoms of a DVT. Signs and symptoms of PE can include: Difficulty breathing Faster than normal or irregular heart beat Chest pain or discomfort, which usually worsens with a deep breath or coughing Coughing up blood Very low blood pressure, lightheadedness, or fainting If you have any of these symptoms, you should seek medical help immediately. | Anticoagulant medicines prevent blood clots getting bigger. They can also help stop part of the blood clot breaking off and becoming lodged in another part of your bloodstream (an embolism). Although they're often referred to as "blood-thinning" medicines, anticoagulants don't actually thin the blood. They alter proteins within it, which prevents clots forming so easily. Heparin and warfarin are two types of anticoagulants that are used to treat DVT. Heparin is usually prescribed first because it works immediately to prevent further clotting. After this initial treatment, you may also need to take warfarin to prevent another blood clot forming. |
| Lassa fever | Lassa fever is an acute viral illness that occurs in west Africa. The illness was discovered in 1969 when two missionary nurses died in Nigeria. The virus is named after the town in Nigeria where the first cases occurred. The virus, a member of the virus family Arenaviridae, is a single-stranded RNA virus and is zoonotic, or animal-borne. Lassa fever is endemic in parts of west Africa including Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea and Nigeria; however, other neighboring countries are also at risk, as the animal vector for Lassa virus, the "multimammate rat" (Mastomys natalensis) is distributed throughout the region. In 2009, the first case from Mali was reported in a traveler living in southern Mali; Ghana reported its first cases in late 2011. Isolated cases have also been reported in Côte d’Ivoire and Burkina Faso and there is serologic evidence of Lassa virus infection in Togo and Benin. | Signs and symptoms of Lassa fever typically occur 1-3 weeks after the patient comes into contact with the virus. For the majority of Lassa fever virus infections (approximately 80%), symptoms are mild and are undiagnosed. Mild symptoms include slight fever, general malaise and weakness, and headache. In 20% of infected individuals, however, disease may progress to more serious symptoms including hemorrhaging (in gums, eyes, or nose, as examples), respiratory distress, repeated vomiting, facial swelling, pain in the chest, back, and abdomen, and shock. Neurological problems have also been described, including hearing loss, tremors, and encephalitis. Death may occur within two weeks after symptom onset due to multi-organ failure. The most common complication of Lassa fever is deafness. Various degrees of deafness occur in approximately one-third of infections, and in many cases hearing loss is permanent. As far as is known, severity of the disease does not affect this complication: deafness may develop in mild as well as in severe cases. | Ribavirin, an antiviral drug, has been used with success in Lassa fever patients. It has been shown to be most effective when given early in the course of the illness. Patients should also receive supportive care consisting of maintenance of appropriate fluid and electrolyte balance, oxygenation and blood pressure, as well as treatment of any other complicating infections. |
| Lead Poisoning | Today at least 4 million households have children living in them that are being exposed to high levels of lead. There are approximately half a million U.S. children ages 1-5 with blood lead levels above 5 micrograms per deciliter (µg/dL), the reference level at which CDC recommends public health actions be initiated. No safe blood lead level in children has been identified. Lead exposure can affect nearly every system in the body. Because lead exposure often occurs with no obvious symptoms, it frequently goes unrecognized. | What can be done to prevent exposure to lead? It is important to determine the construction year of the house or the dwelling where your child spends a large amount of time (e.g., grandparents or daycare). In housing built before 1978, assume that the paint has lead unless tests show otherwise. Talk to your state or local health department about testing paint and dust from your home for lead. Make sure your child does not have access to peeling paint or chewable surfaces painted with lead-based paint. Children and pregnant women should not be present in housing built before 1978 that is undergoing renovation. They should not participate in activities that disturb old paint or in cleaning up paint debris after work is completed. Create barriers between living/play areas and lead sources. Until environmental clean-up is completed, you should clean and isolate all sources of lead. Close and lock doors to keep children away from chipping or peeling paint on walls. You can also apply temporary barriers such as contact paper or duct tape, to cover holes in walls or to block children’s access to other sources of lead. Regularly wash children’s hands and toys. Hands and toys can become contaminated from household dust or exterior soil. Both are known lead sources. Regularly wet-mop floors and wet-wipe window components. Because household dust is a major source of lead, you should wet-mop floors and wet-wipe horizontal surfaces every 2-3 weeks. Windowsills and wells can contain high levels of leaded dust. They should be kept clean. If feasible, windows should be shut to prevent abrasion of painted surfaces or opened from the top sash. Take off shoes when entering the house to prevent bringing lead-contaminated soil in from outside. Prevent children from playing in bare soil; if possible, provide them with sandboxes. Plant grass on areas of bare soil or cover the soil with grass seed, mulch, or wood chips, if possible. Until the bare soil is covered, move play areas away from bare soil and away from the sides of the house. If you have a sandbox, cover the box when not in use to prevent cats from using it as a litter box. That will help protect children from exposure to animal waste. | The first step in treating all degrees of lead poisoning is to remove the source of the contamination. If you can't remove lead from your environment, you may at least be able to reduce the likelihood that it will cause problems. For instance, sometimes it's better to seal in rather than remove old lead paint. Your local health department can recommend ways to identify and reduce lead in your home and community.
For children and adults with relatively low lead levels, simply avoiding exposure to lead may be enough to reduce blood lead levels. |
| Foodborne Germs and Illnesses | Foodborne illness (sometimes called "foodborne disease," "foodborne infection," or "food poisoning) is a common, costly—yet preventable—public health problem. Each year, 1 in 6 Americans gets sick by consuming contaminated foods or beverages. Many different disease-causing microbes, or pathogens, can contaminate foods, so there are many different foodborne infections. In addition, poisonous chemicals, or other harmful substances can cause foodborne diseases if they are present in food. Foods Associated with Foodborne Illness: Raw foods of animal origin, that is, raw meat and poultry, raw eggs, unpasteurized milk, and raw shellfish are the most likely to be contaminated. Fruits and vegetables can also be contaminated with animal waste when manure is used to fertilize produce in the field, or unclean water is used for washing the produce. Raw sprouts are particularly concerning because the conditions under which they are sprouted are ideal for growing microbes. Unpasteurized fruit juices or cider can also be contaminated if there are pathogens on the fruit that is used to make it. Any food item that is touched by a person who is ill with vomiting or diarrhea, or who has recently had such an illness, can become contaminated. When these food items are not subsequently cooked (e.g., salads, cut fruit) they can pass the illness to other people. | Symptoms of Foodborne Illness Common symptoms of foodborne illness are diarrhea and/or vomiting, typically lasting 1 to 7 days. Other symptoms might include abdominal cramps, nausea, fever, joint/back aches, and fatigue. What some people call the “stomach flu” may actually be a foodborne illness caused by a pathogen (i.e., virus, bacteria, or parasite) in contaminated food or drink. The incubation period (the time between exposure to the pathogen and onset of symptoms) can range from several hours to 1 week. | The only treatment needed for most foodborne illnesses is replacing lost fluids and electrolytes to prevent dehydration. Over-the-counter medications such as loperamide (Imodium) and bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol and Kaopectate) may help stop diarrhea in adults. |
| Typhoid Fever | General Information: Typhoid fever is a life-threatening illness caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. An estimated 5,700 cases occur each year in the United States. Most cases (up to 75%) are acquired while traveling internationally. Typhoid fever is still common in the developing world, where it affects about 21.5 million people each year. Typhoid fever can be prevented and can usually be treated with antibiotics. If you are planning to travel outside the United States, you should know about typhoid fever and what steps you can take to protect yourself. | What are the signs and symptoms of typhoid fever? Persons with typhoid fever usually have a sustained fever as high as 103° to 104° F (39° to 40° C). They may also feel weak, or have stomach pains, headache, or loss of appetite. In some cases, patients have a rash of flat, rose-colored spots. The only way to know for sure if an illness is typhoid fever is to have samples of stool or blood tested for the presence of Salmonella Typhi. | Typhoid fever is treated with antibiotics that kill the Salmonella bacteria. Prior to the use of antibiotics, the fatality rate was 20%. Death occurred from overwhelming infection, pneumonia, intestinal bleeding, or intestinal perforation. With antibiotics and supportive care, mortality has been reduced to 1%-2%.
Make sure you rest, drink plenty of fluids and eat regular meals. You may find it easier to eat smaller meals more frequently, rather than three larger meals a day. You should also maintain good standards of personal hygiene, such as regularly washing your hands with soap and warm water, to reduce the risk of spreading the infection to others. |
| Influenza flu | How Flu Spreads Person to Person People with flu can spread it to others up to about 6 feet away. Most experts think that flu viruses are spread mainly by droplets made when people with flu cough, sneeze or talk. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into the lungs. Less often, a person might also get flu by touching a surface or object that has flu virus on it and then touching their own mouth or nose. To avoid this, people should stay away from sick people and stay home if sick. It also is important to wash hands often with soap and water. If soap and water are not available, use an alcohol-based hand rub. Linens, eating utensils, and dishes belonging to those who are sick should not be shared without washing thoroughly first. Eating utensils can be washed either in a dishwasher or by hand with water and soap and do not need to be cleaned separately. Further, frequently touched surfaces should be cleaned and disinfected at home, work and school, especially if someone is ill. The Flu Is Contagious Most healthy adults may be able to infect other people beginning 1 day before symptoms develop and up to 5 to 7 days after becoming sick. Children may pass the virus for longer than 7 days. Symptoms start 1 to 4 days after the virus enters the body. That means that you may be able to pass on the flu to someone else before you know you are sick, as well as while you are sick. Some people can be infected with the flu virus but have no symptoms. During this time, those persons may still spread the virus to others. | Influenza Symptoms Influenza (also known as the flu) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by flu viruses. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. The flu is different from a cold. The flu usually comes on suddenly. People who have the flu often feel some or all of these symptoms: Fever* or feeling feverish/chills Cough Sore throat Runny or stuffy nose Muscle or body aches Headaches Fatigue (tiredness) Some people may have vomiting and diarrhea, though this is more common in children than adults. * It's important to note that not everyone with flu will have a fever. | Usually, you'll need nothing more than bed rest and plenty of fluids to treat the flu. But in some cases, your doctor may prescribe an antiviral medication, such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or zanamivir (Relenza). If taken soon after you notice symptoms, these drugs may shorten your illness by a day or so and help prevent serious complications. Oseltamivir is an oral medication. Zanamivir is inhaled through a device similar to an asthma inhaler and shouldn't be used by anyone with respiratory problems, such as asthma and lung disease. |
| Tuberculosis(TB) | How TB Spreads TB bacteria are spread through the air from one person to another. The TB bacteria are put into the air when a person with TB disease of the lungs or throat coughs, speaks, or sings. People nearby may breathe in these bacteria and become infected. TB is NOT spread by shaking someone's hand sharing food or drink touching bed linens or toilet seats sharing toothbrushes kissing When a person breathes in TB bacteria, the bacteria can settle in the lungs and begin to grow. From there, they can move through the blood to other parts of the body, such as the kidney, spine, and brain. TB disease in the lungs or throat can be infectious. This means that the bacteria can be spread to other people. TB in other parts of the body, such as the kidney or spine, is usually not infectious. People with TB disease are most likely to spread it to people they spend time with every day. This includes family members, friends, and coworkers or schoolmates. | Symptoms of TB disease depend on where in the body the TB bacteria are growing. TB bacteria usually grow in the lungs (pulmonary TB). TB disease in the lungs may cause symptoms such as a bad cough that lasts 3 weeks or longer pain in the chest coughing up blood or sputum (phlegm from deep inside the lungs) Other symptoms of TB disease are weakness or fatigue weight loss no appetite chills fever sweating at night Symptoms of TB disease in other parts of the body depend on the area affected. People who have latent TB infection do not feel sick, do not have any symptoms, and cannot spread TB to others | If you have active TB disease, your doctor will give you several antibiotics to treat the infection and to help prevent resistant bacteria from emerging in your body. You may be taking a combination of antibiotics that may include isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, or ethambutol for 6 to 12 months. |
| Anal Fissure | A high-fiber diet that makes your stool well formed and bulky is often the best treatment for this common digestive condition. | A visible crack in the skin around the anus, Bright red blood on the stool or toilet paper after a bowel movement, Pain, sometimes severe, during bowel movements, A small lump or skin tag on the skin near the anal fissure | #N/A |
| Chlamydia trachomatis. | The parasite Chlamydia trachomatis causes a variety of disorders—in women, urethritis, cervicitis, and salpingitis (inflammation of the ureter, cervix, and fallopian tubes, respectively) and, in men, nongonococcal urethritis. | painful urination | #N/A |
| Cystic fibrosis | People with cystic fibrosis have a higher than normal level of salt in their sweat. Parents often can taste the salt when they kiss their children. Most of the other signs and symptoms of CF affect the respiratory system and digestive system. | Poor weight gain and growth, Foul-smelling, greasy stools, Coughing, Repeated lung infections, Wheezing, Chronic or severe constipation | See Cystic Fibrosis/Bronchiectasis. |
| Cystic Fibrosis/Bronchiectasis | Bronchiectasis is an under-diagnosed condition. If it is suspected, your doctor will first require a detailed family history and blood tests to dete rmine whether you may have an underlying condition that could cause Bronchiectasis. | Clubbing, or the thickening of the skin under nails, Chest tightness, pain, or pressure, Fever, fatigue, Shortness of breath, Wheezing | Chest physiotherapy, medications (antibiotics, mucolytics, bronchodilators), oxygen therapy, lung transplant (in severe cases). |
| Nasal masses and nasal tumors | Nasal and paranasal tumors can be noncancerous (benign) or they can be cancerous (malignant). Several types of nasal and paranasal tumors exist. Which type of tumor you have helps determine the best treatment for you. | Vision Problems , Difficulty opening your mouth, Facial Swelling , Difficulty breathing through your nose, Nosebleeds, Watery eyes | #N/A |
| ACL injury: | An ACL injury is a tear of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) — one of four ligaments that connect your shinbone to your thighbone. | A loud "pop" or a "popping" sensation in the knee | Rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE), physical therapy, surgery (ACL reconstruction). |
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) | Many people who develop ARDS don't survive. The risk of death increases with age and severity of illness. Of the people who do survive ARDS, some recover completely while others experience lasting damage to their lungs. | Labored and unusually rapid breathing, Confusion and extreme tiredness, Low blood pressure | Mechanical ventilation, oxygen therapy, fluid management, treatment of underlying cause. |
| Allergic rhinitis | An allergen is an otherwise harmless substance that causes an allergic reaction. Allergic rhinitis, or hay fever, is an allergic response to specific allergens. Pollen is the most common allergen in seasonal allergic rhinitis. | coughing, Excessive fatigue, stuffy nose, frequent headaches, Runny Nose, watery eyes, Sneezing, Itchy Eyes | Antihistamines, decongestants, nasal corticosteroids, immunotherapy (allergy shots), avoidance of allergens. |
| arthritis (chronic inflammation of joints) | the immune system doesn’t work properly and releases inflammatory chemicals. The resulting inflammation attacks joint tissues and can cause joint swelling, increased joint fluid, cartilage and bone damage, and muscle loss. | Warmth in the joins | #N/A |
| Asthma. | There are two main types of medications used to treat asthma: Long-term control medications such as inhaled corticosteroids are the most important medications used to keep asthma under control. These preventive medications treat the airway inflammation. | Decreases or changes in lung function as measured on a peak flow meter, Coughing, especially at night, Feeling tired, easily upset, grouchy, or moody, Chest tightness, pain, or pressure, Shortness of breath, trouble sleeping or concentrating, feeling angry or irritable, taking risks, Wheezing | Inhalers (bronchodilators, corticosteroids), allergy management, avoiding triggers, emergency treatment. |
| Astigmatism | Blurred distance and near vision.Astigmatism is often present at birth and may occur in combination with nearsightedness and farsightedness. | Difficulty with night vision, Blurred Vision, Eyestrain | Eyeglasses, contact lenses, refractive surgery. |
| Autism and Neural Development Diseases | Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental condition that affects an individual’s ability to communicate and interact with others. The disorder can be diagnosed at any age, but symptoms typically appear within the first two years of life. | Not recognizing sarcasm or joking., Confusion and disorientation, Trouble concentrating, Avoids eye contact., Nausea and Vomiting, high fever, Constant moving (pacing) and “hyper” behavior. | Behavioral therapy, educational interventions, medications to manage symptoms. |
| Autoimmune Diseases | Multiple sclerosis, or MS, is a disease of the central nervous system in which the body’s immune system attacks myelin, the tissue that covers nerves. This interferes with neural communication between the brain and the body. | Hair loss, fatigue, Trouble concentrating, skin rashes, swelling and redness | Treatment depends on the specific disease, may include medication to suppress the immune response. |
| Bell’s Palsy | This condition causes temporary paralysis or weakness of one side of the face. “It’s a loss of function of the seventh cranial nerve,” Lawton explains. | Increased sensitivity to sound on the affected side, Pain around the jaw or in or behind your ear on the affected side, Changes in the amount of tears and saliva you produce, A changed sense of taste, severe headache | #N/A |
| Brain Infections | Common brain diseases caused by an infection include meningitis and encephalitis. Meningitis is an infection in the lining around the brain or spinal cord. Encephalitis is an infection of the brain tissue. | severe headache | Antibiotics for bacterial infections, antiviral medications for viral infections, antifungal medications for fungal infections, supportive care. |
| Bunions | Wearing tight or narrow shoes can cause bunions to develop. Tight shoes put pressure on the metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP), which is where the bone of the foot meets the bone of the big toe. | difficulty moving the big toe, callus or corn on the bone below the big toe, visible bump on the side of the foot | Orthotic devices, wider shoes, padding, pain relief medications, corticosteroid injections, surgery (bunionectomy). |
| Bursitis | Bursitis occurs when a bursa becomes inflamed. People get bursitis by overusing a joint. It can also be caused by an injury. It usually occurs at the knee or elbow. | Hurt more when you move it or press on it, Warmth over the joint, bumping outer thigh or hip | Rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE), anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, corticosteroid injections. |
| Bursitis/Rotator Cuff Tendonitis | This occurs when there is inflammation of the rotator cuff tendons and the bursa that surrounds these tendons. Often there is an initial injury that sets off the process of inflammation which means the problem can be self-exacerbating. | Pain while sleeping at night ., Pain outside of the shoulder ., Pain. | Rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), physical therapy. |
| Canker Sores. | Possible triggers for canker sores include: A minor injury to your mouth from dental work, overzealous brushing, sports mishaps or an accidental cheek bite. Toothpastes and mouth rinses containing sodium lauryl sulfate. | Are oval shaped with a red edge, High fever along with canker sores., Pain that you can't control with self-care measures, Extreme difficulty eating or drinking | Over-the-counter topical treatments, mouth rinses, pain relief medications. |
| Carpal tunnel syndrome | Carpal tunnel syndrome develops when there's increased pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel, a passageway in the palm side of your wrist. | Pain, Pain in the hand, Weakness., Tingling, Swelling, Numbness in the hand | Splinting, corticosteroid injections, physical therapy, surgery (in severe cases). |
| Cataracts | Build Up Protein in an Eye .Present From Birth .Eye injuries .If not treated properly cause Blindness. | Double vision in a single eye , Need For Brighter Lighting , Blurred vision , Loss of contrast sensitivity | Surgery to replace the cloudy lens with an artificial one. |
| Celiac Disease | Symptoms of celiac disease in children include abdominal pain and bloating, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, and weight loss. Symptoms in adults can also include anemia, fatigue, bone loss, depression, and seizures. | Iron-Deficiency Anemia, Fatigue, Gas, Depression, Constipation. | Gluten-free diet, nutritional supplements (if necessary), medications to control symptoms (e.g., for diarrhea). |
| Chlamydia trachomatis | Chlamydia trachomatis is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by bacteria. You might not know you have chlamydia because many people don't have signs or symptoms, such as genital pain and discharge from the vagina or penis. | Testicular pain in men | #N/A |
| Chronic Bronchitis. | Chronic bronchitis fills your airways with thick mucus. The small hairs that normally move phlegm out of your lungs are damaged. That makes you cough. As the disease goes on, it’s harder for you to breathe. | wheezing, coughing, Feeling tired, easily upset, grouchy, or moody, Shortness of breath, tightness in the chest | Bronchodilators, expectorants, inhaled corticosteroids, antibiotics (if bacterial infection present), smoking cessation. |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). | COPD symptoms often don't appear until significant lung damage has occurred, and they usually worsen over time, particularly if smoking exposure continues. | Chest tightness, Wheezing, Unintended weight loss (in later stages), Shortness of breath, Swelling in ankles, feet or legs, Blueness of the lips or fingernail beds (cyanosis) | Bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, surgery (in severe cases). |
| Chronic sinusitis with polyps | Nasal polyps can affect anyone, but they're more common in adults. Medications can often shrink or eliminate nasal polyps, but surgery is sometimes needed to remove them. Even after successful treatment, nasal polyps often return. | Loss of sense of taste, Decreased or absent sense of smell, Frequent nosebleeds, Postnasal drip, A sense of pressure over your forehead and face, Persistent stuffiness, Headache, Runny nose | Antibiotics, corticosteroids, nasal saline irrigation, endoscopic sinus surgery (in severe cases). |
| Cold Sores. | Cold sores — also called fever blisters — are a common viral infection. They are tiny, fluid-filled blisters on and around your lips. These blisters are often grouped together in patches. After the blisters break, a crust forms over the resulting sore. | Headache, Fever, Oozing and crusting., Tingling and itching. | Antiviral medications, over-the-counter creams. |
| Conjunctives | Serious eye conditions that cause eye redness .May cause eye pain,a feeling that something is stuck in your eye .If symptoms don't get better during 12-24 hours then make an appointment to your doctor . | Gritty , Burning and stinging in the eyes , Itchy Eyes, Redness on eye | Antibiotic eye drops, antihistamine eye drops, cold compresses. |
| Crohn's Disease | Crohn’s disease is part of a group of digestive conditions called inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Doctors aren't sure what causes the disease, but it's thought that genetics and family history may play a part. | abdominal pain, Pain or drainage near or around the anus due to inflammation from a tunnel into the skin (fistula), fatigue, Unintended weight loss (in later stages), Fever, Mouth sores., Blood in your stool. | Medications (anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressants, biologics), dietary changes, surgery (in severe cases). |
| Dementia | Symptoms of dementia include a progressive loss of cognitive and functional ability, leading to a loss of independence. There are currently no effective treatments, but many trials are underway that may offer hope to patients and their families. | Depression, Memory loss, which is usually noticed by a spouse or someone else., Confusion and disorientation, Difficulty with planning and organizing, Difficulty communicating or finding words, Constant moving (pacing) and “hyper” behavior. | Management of symptoms, medications to slow progression (if applicable), therapy, support services. |
| Dental Health. | Risk factors for oral and dental ill health include poor diet and hygiene, trauma, stress, smoking, alcohol use, and use of illegal substances. These are also common risk factors for other chronic diseases. | Chronic bad breath, bleeding or swollen gums after brushing or flossing, loose teeth | Regular brushing, flossing, dental check-ups, professional cleaning. |
| Diabetic reintopathy | Usually affects both eyes .Careful about your diabetics is the best way to prevent permanent vision loss . | More frequent blinking , Blurred Vision | Laser treatment, vitrectomy surgery. |
| Dislocation. | An elbow dislocation occurs when the bones of the forearm (the radius and ulna) move out of place compared with the bone of the arm (the humerus) | Severe pain, lose feeling in their hand or lose a pulse | Reduction (manipulation to realign the bones), immobilization, physical therapy, surgery (in severe cases). |
| Dislocations | The cause is often a fall or a blow, sometimes from playing a contact sport. You can dislocate your ankles, knees, shoulders, hips, elbows and jaw. You can also dislocate your finger and toe joints. | very painful, joints are swollen, unable to move it | Reduction (manipulation to realign the bones), immobilization, pain relief medications, physical therapy. |
| Diverticulitis. | Small pouches called diverticula can form anywhere there are weak spots in the lining of your digestive system, but they are most commonly found in the colon. | Fever., Nausea and vomiting., Pain, which may be constant and persist for several days. , Constipation or, less commonly, diarrhea., Abdominal tenderness. | Clear liquid diet, antibiotics, pain medications, dietary changes (high-fiber), surgery (in severe cases). |
| Dry Mouth. | Dry mouth, or xerostomia (zeer-o-STOE-me-uh), refers to a condition in which the salivary glands in your mouth don't make enough saliva to keep your mouth wet. Dry mouth is often due to the side effect of certain medications or aging issues. | chronic bad breath, Dryness or a feeling of stickiness in your mouth, A changed sense of taste, Difficulty chewing, speaking and swallowing | Artificial saliva substitutes, maintaining oral hygiene, medication review. |
| Emphysema. | Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are two conditions that make up chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Smoking is the leading cause of COPD. Treatment may slow the progression of COPD, but it can't reverse the damage. | not mentally alert, Shortness of breath, fingernails turn blue or gray with exertion, Chemical fumes and dust | Bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, surgery (in severe cases). |
| Exostosis | Exostosis can cause chronic pain or irritation, depending on its size and location. Sometimes, cartilage will grow over an area of exostosis, which is called osteochondroma. | bowed arms or legs, shorter height than average | Observation, surgery (if symptomatic or causing problems). |
| Fracture | Most often a displaced fracture in the radius and a dislocation of the ulna at the wrist, where the radius and ulna come together. | Swelling, bruising, or tenderness around the injury, Intense pain, Problems moving a limb, Numbness and tingling | Immobilization (casting, splinting), surgery (internal fixation, external fixation), pain management, physical therapy, rehabilitation. |
| fractures | A fracture is a crack or break in a bone. Most fractures result from force applied to a bone. | Can't take heavy weight , Pain when moving the knee in both directions | #N/A |
| Fungal Infections | While the most common foot fungal infection you hear about is athlete’s foot, it’s not the only one you have to worry about. The symptoms of fungal infections are pretty similar across the board though. | Dry skin – peeling and cracking | Antifungal medications (topical or oral), proper hygiene, keeping affected areas dry and clean. |
| Fungal sinusitis | Fungal infection of the sinuses can occur when fungal organisms are inhaled and deposited in the nasal passageways and paranasal sinuses, causing inflammation. The dark, moist environment of the sinuses is ideal for fungi. | Dark ulcers within the nasal canal or on the roof of the mouth., Fever., Headache., Coughing, Nasal discharge., Mental status changes., Facial pain or numbness. | Antifungal medications, nasal corticosteroids, nasal saline irrigation, surgery (in severe cases). |
| Gallstones | Gallstones are hard deposits that form in your gallbladder — a small, pear-shaped sack that stores and secretes bile for digestion.Medications sometimes dissolve gallstones, but if that doesn’t work, the next step is surgery to remove the gallbladder. | Nausea and Vomiting, Fever, Clay colored stools or dark urine., Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes) | Observation, medications to dissolve stones, surgery (laparoscopic cholecystectomy) to remove the gallbladder. |
| Ganglion cysts | These soft tissue cysts occur most often on the part of your wrist opposite your palm. Ganglion cysts may be painful, and pain may either worsen or improve with activity. | Pain, Swelling, changes wrist size, Weakness | Observation, aspiration (draining fluid), corticosteroid injections, surgery (if necessary). |
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) | When stomach acid backs up into your esophagus — a condition called acid reflux — you may feel a burning pain in the middle of your chest. It often occurs after meals or at night, | Damaged teeth from stomach acid., Feeling like there's a lump in your throat, Sore throat., chronic bad breath, Regurgitating food or stomach contents., Chest tightness, pain, or pressure, Frequent heartburn, a burning feeling in your chest or throat | Lifestyle changes (diet, avoiding triggers), medications (antacids, H2 blockers, proton pump inhibitors), surgery (in severe cases). |
| Glucoma | Cause Blindness if not treated properly . | Redness on eye, Nausea and Vomitting , Blurred Vision, Headaches | Eye drops, oral medications, laser treatment, surgery. |
| Gout | Gout doesn’t only happen in the foot, but the most common place people experience it is in their big toe. It’s a form of arthritis that causes serious pain and swelling in a joint. | A lingering itch after the gout attack passes, Warmth in the same area | Medications (NSAIDs, colchicine, corticosteroids), lifestyle changes (diet, hydration), avoiding triggers. |
| Gum Disease. | The disease is still reversible at this stage, and can usually be eliminated by careful daily brushing and flossing. In the more advanced stages of gum disease, called periodontitis, the gums and bone that support the teeth become seriously damaged. | Wiggly or shifting teeth., Sensitive teeth., chronic bad breath | Professional cleaning, scaling and root planing, surgery in severe cases. |
| Hemorrhoids | Hemorrhoids are an inflammation of the blood vessels at the end of your digestive tract. They can be painful and itchy. Causes include chronic constipation, diarrhea, straining during bowel movements, and a lack of fiber in your diet. | Swelling around your anus, Pain or discomfort, Inflammation, Itching or irritation in your anal region, Bleeding | Over-the-counter creams, ointments, suppositories, fiber supplements, warm baths, surgery (in severe cases). |
| Hernia | hernia occurs when an organ pushes through an opening in the muscle or tissue that holds it in place. For example, the intestines may break through a weakened area in the abdominal wall. | bulge or lump in the affected area | Surgery (hernia repair), lifestyle modifications (avoiding heavy lifting, maintaining a healthy weight). |
| Herniated disc | A herniated disk refers to a problem with one of the rubbery cushions (disks) that sit between the individual bones (vertebrae) that stack to make your spine. | Saddle anesthesia., Bladder or bowel dysfunction, Audible “pop” or snapping sensation | Rest, pain relief medications, physical therapy, epidural steroid injections, surgery (discectomy, laminectomy). |
| Hordoleum | Most sites are harmless to your eye and won't affect your ability to see clearly .Try self care measures first .,such as applying wash cloth to your closed . | Tearing , Eyelid pain | Warm compresses, antibiotic ointments. |
| Iliotibial band syndrome | Iliotibial (IT) band syndrome is often caused by repetitively bending the knee during physical activities, such as running, cycling, swimming, and climbing. | tenderness in buttocks, pain when running or doing other activities | Rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE), physical therapy, stretching exercises, corticosteroid injections. |
| Ingrown toenails | Wearing badly-fitting shoes usually causes ingrown toenails. The pressure from shoes that are too narrow at the top or too tight can put extra pressure on the toes. | drainage from the toenail, Redness | Soaking the foot, proper trimming, wearing proper footwear, antibiotics (if infected), surgery (in severe cases). |
| Inverting papilloma | Although it is believed that viral infection, chronic inflammation and cigarette smoking can play an important etiological role, it has recently been suggested that occupational risk factors, such as those involved in malignant epithelial . | Nosebleeds, Sinus infections, Runny Nose, Blocked nasal passages, usually just on one side | Surgical removal, endoscopic sinus surgery, follow-up care. |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome. | Signs of IBS can vary widely: You can be constipated or have diarrhea, or have hard, dry stools on one day and loose watery stools on another. Bloating is also a symptom of IBS. | Food Intolerance, Gas and Bloating, Constipation, Pain and Cramping, Fatigue and Difficulty Sleeping | Dietary changes, stress management, medications (antispasmodics, antidepressants, anti-diarrheal). |
| Keratotoconjunctives sicca | Dry eyes ,causes Eye infections . | Fatigue eyes , Burning sensation, More frequent blinking , Fatigue eyes , Blurred Vision, Heavy Eyes , Itchy Eyes | Artificial tears, prescription eye drops, punctal plugs. |
| Kienbock's disease. | This disorder typically affects young adults and involves the progressive collapse of one of the small bones in the wrist. Kienbock's disease occurs when the blood supply to this bone is compromised. | Pain or difficulty in turning the hand upward, Tenderness., Swelling, Stiffness. | Rest, immobilization, pain relief medications, physical therapy, surgery (in severe cases). |
| Knee bursitis | Some knee injuries cause inflammation in the bursae, the small sacs of fluid that cushion the outside of your knee joint so that tendons and ligaments glide smoothly over the joint. | stiffness and pain with walking | #N/A |
| Lung Cancer. | Lung cancer may not produce any noticeable symptoms in the early stages, and many people aren’t diagnosed until the disease has advanced. Read on to learn about nine early lung cancer symptoms, and how early screening may help people at high risk . | Bone pain, Wheezing, Unintended weight loss (in later stages), Chest tightness, pain, or pressure, Raspy, hoarse voice, Breathing changes, Headache | Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, supportive care. |
| Macular Degeneration | Smoking ,Obesity ,Cardiovascular Disease ,Family history and genetics . | Visual Distortions , Need For Brighter Lighting , Decreases color sensivity, Blurred Vision, Changes vision in one eyes , Loss of contrast sensitivity | Anti-VEGF medication, laser therapy, photodynamic therapy, vision aids. |
| Meningoencephalocele | Meningoencephalocele is a type of encephalocele, which is an abnormal sac of fluid, brain tissue , and meninges (membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord) that extends through a defect in the skull. | Uncoordinated muscle movement, An abnormally small head, Paralysis of the limbs, Mental and growth retardation, Neurologic problems., Vision problems | Surgical repair to remove the protruding meninges and brain tissue, close the skull defect. |
| Movement Disorders | Parkinson’s disease, ataxias, tremor, dystonia, tics and Tourette syndrome are examples of movement disorders that often progress to a complete loss of function. They can lead to tremors, slow and stiff movement, loss of balance. | uncoordinated or clumsy balance, speech or limb movements, abnormal feelings in the legs while relaxing or lying down, often relieved by movement., low blood pressure and impaired bladder function. | Medications, physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, deep brain stimulation, surgery in some cases. |
| Muscle spasm or tension | A muscle cramp is a sudden and involuntary contraction of one or more of your muscles. If you've ever been awakened in the night or stopped in your tracks by a sudden charley horse, you know that muscle cramps can cause severe pain. | hard lump of muscle tissue | Heat therapy, massage, stretching exercises, muscle relaxants, physical therapy. |
| Musculoskeletal disorder | Musculoskeletal pain is pain that affects the muscles, ligaments and tendons, and bones.The causes of musculoskeletal pain are varied. Muscle tissue can be damaged with the wear and tear of daily activities. | Buttock or hip pain, One-sided pain, Backache, Groin pain that spreads across the buttocks, Greater sensitivity to a light touch than to firm pressure, Curvature of the spine | Physical therapy, pain management, medications (anti-inflammatories, muscle relaxants), surgery (in severe cases). |
| Mycoplasma genitalium | Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is a type of bacteria that can cause an STD. You get it by having sex with someone who has it. Even if you don’t go “all the way” with vaginal sex, you can get MG through sexual touching or rubbing. | Watery discharge | #N/A |
| Nasal fractures | A nasal fracture, commonly referred to as a broken nose, is a fracture of one of the bones of the nose. Symptoms may include bleeding, swelling, bruising, and an inability to breathe through the nose. | Tenderness, Pain, Swelling, bleeding of the nose and nasal region of the face | Closed reduction (manipulation into alignment without surgery) or surgery to reset the bones, pain management, monitoring for complications. |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae. | Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by infection with the Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacterium. N. gonorrhoeae infects the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract, including the cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes in women. | pain or burning sensation while urinating, sharp pain in the lower abdomen, pain upon engaging in sexual intercourse, the need to urinate more frequently | #N/A |
| Nerve pinch injury | A pinched nerve occurs when too much pressure is applied to a nerve by surrounding tissues, such as bones, cartilage, muscles or tendons. | Muscle weakness in the affected area, Sharp, aching or burning pain, which may radiate outward | Pain management, physical therapy, chiropractic care, surgery (nerve decompression). |
| Neuromuscular Diseases | These disorders attack peripheral nerves outside the brain and the muscles they control. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, commonly referred to as ALS or Lou Gehrig’s disease, is the best known of these diseases. | Balance problems, Double vision in a single eye, Numbness, tingling or painful sensations, Trouble breathing, Movement issues | Physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, medications, assistive devices, breathing assistance. |
| Oral Cancer. | In the early stages, mouth cancer rarely causes any pain. Abnormal cell growth usually appears as flat patches. A canker sore looks like an ulcer, usually with a depression in the center. | Ear pain, A white or reddish patch on the inside of your mouth, Difficulty chewing, speaking and swallowing | Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy. |
| Osteitis Pubis | Osteitis pubis is a condition in which there’s inflammation where the right and left pubic bones meet at the lower front part of the pelvis. | inflammation right and left pubic bones | Rest, anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, corticosteroid injections, surgery (in severe cases). |
| Osteoarthritis | This type of arthritis occurs when the cartilage that cushions the ends of your bones deteriorates over time. Osteoarthritis in the wrist is uncommon and usually occurs only in people who have injured that wrist in the past. | Stiffness. , Bone spurs. , Pain., swelling and redness, Loss of flexibility. , Loss of flexibility. , Tenderness. | Pain relief medications, physical therapy, lifestyle modifications, assistive devices, joint injections, surgery (in severe cases). |
| Otitis Externa. | Otitis externa is a condition that causes inflammation (redness and swelling) of the external ear canal, which is the tube between the outer ear and eardrum.With treatment, these symptoms should clear up within a few days. However, some cases can persist | some degree of temporary hearing loss, a discharge of liquid or pus from the ear, itchiness in the ear canal, ear pain, which can be severe | Ear drops (antibiotic, antifungal), pain relievers, avoiding water in the ear, ear cleaning, ear protection. |
| Otitis Media | Acute otitis media (AOM) is a painful type of ear infection. It occurs when the area behind the eardrum called the middle ear becomes inflamed and infected. | pulling on the ears, sleeplessness, irritability | Antibiotics (if bacterial), pain relievers, ear drops, myringotomy (surgical drainage of fluid from the middle ear). |
| Otosclerosis | Otosclerosis is a serious bone deformation is a common cause of hearing loss for people in their twenties and thirties. The human ear contains three little bones that serve as sound transmitters from the outer to inner ear. | Tinnitus, or ringing, roaring, or hissing in your ears | Hearing aids, surgery (stapedectomy or stapedotomy to replace or bypass the abnormal bone in the middle ear). |
| Patellar tendinitis | Patellar tendonitis is a common injury or inflammation of the tendon that connects your kneecap (patella) to your shinbone (tibia). Your pain may be mild or severe. | weakness in the knee | #N/A |
| Pinched Spinal Nerve | Thigh pain may be caused by a pinched spinal nerve. Herniated lumbar discs or low back arthritis may pinch on the nerves that exit your spinal column and travel down your thigh. | Difficulty sitting or rising from sitting | Pain management, physical therapy, epidural steroid injections, surgery (discectomy, laminectomy). |
| Plantar fasciitis | Plantar fasciitis is an inflammatory condition that usually does not have a clear cause. Doctors refer to this condition, as idiopathic plantar fasciitis. | Blisters, pain on the bottom of the heel. | Rest, ice, stretching exercises, orthotic devices, physical therapy, night splints, corticosteroid injections, surgery (in severe cases). |
| Pleural Effusion. | This usually happens if you have congestive heart failure, when your heart doesn't pump blood to your body properly. But it can also come from liver or kidney disease, when fluid builds up in your body and leaks into the pleural space. | Fever, Shortness of breath, coughing | Thoracentesis (draining fluid), chest tube insertion, medications (diuretics, antibiotics), pleurodesis (sealing pleural space). |
| Pneumonia | Pneumonia symptoms can vary from so mild you barely notice them, to so severe that hospitalization is required. How your body responds to pneumonia depends on the type germ causing the infection, your age and your overall health. | Confusion, especially in older people, Nausea and Vomitting, Shortness of breath, Fever | Antibiotics (if bacterial), antivirals (if viral), supportive care, oxygen therapy, fluid intake, rest. |
| Quadriceps or Hamstring Tendonitis. | Overuse and repetitive stress to your thigh muscles may cause inflammation in your tendons, a condition that is known as tendonitis. | Difficulty walking or climbing stairs due to pain | Rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE), physical therapy, stretching exercises, corticosteroid injections. |
| Rectus adductor syndrome | The rectus-adductor syndrome is a form of groin pain caused by microtraumas which consists of a chronic inflammation in the insertion point onto the pubis, that is, of the tendons of the adductors and rectus abdominis (see fig. beside). | pain in the groin or lower abdominal region wall, pain arises even during walking. | Rest, physical therapy, stretching exercises, pain relief medications, corticosteroid injections. |
| Repetitive strain | RSI is related to the overuse of muscles and tendons in the upper body. | throbbing | Rest, physical therapy, ergonomic adjustments, stretching exercises, anti-inflammatory medications. |
| Rheumatoid arthritis. | RA is a chronic disease marked by symptoms of inflammation and pain in the joints. These symptoms and signs occur during periods known as flares or exacerbations. Other times are known as periods of remission — this is when symptoms disappear completely. | loss of joint function and deformities, joint swelling, joint pain | Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biologic response modifiers, corticosteroids, physical therapy, lifestyle changes, surgery (in severe cases). |
| Salivary Gland Disorders. | Dry mouth is caused when the salivary glands in the mouth don't make enough saliva to keep your mouth wet. These glands may not work properly as the result of: Medications. | a constant abnormal or foul taste in your mouth., redness or swelling over your jaw in front of your ears, below your jaw, or on the your mouth., discomfort or pain when opening your mouth or eating. | Treatment depends on the underlying cause, may include medications, surgery. |
| Scoliosis | Most often, the cause of scoliosis, or abnormal curvature of the spine, is unknown – called idiopathic scoliosis. In other cases, it may be degenerative and occur as a person ages. | One hip higher than the other, Uneven shoulders, One shoulder blade that appears more prominent than the other | Observation, bracing, physical therapy, surgery (if severe). |
| Seizure Disorders | Epilepsy and other seizure disorders affect about 3.4 million people, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Seizures are caused by a disruption in brain activity, either because of illness, brain damage or other factors. | Balance problems, Confusion and disorientation, Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg (especially on one side of the body), severe headache | Antiepileptic medications, ketogenic diet, vagus nerve stimulation, surgery in some cases. |
| Shoulder Arthritis | Treatment of shoulder arthritis should begin with the most basic steps, and progress to the more involved, possibly including surgery. Not all treatments are appropriate in every patient, and you should have a discussion with your doctor to determine. | A feeling of grinding or catching within the joint, Tenderness around the joint, Pain., Stiffness of the shoulder, Limited range of motion | Pain relief medications, physical therapy, corticosteroid injections, joint replacement surgery (in severe cases). |
| Spina Bifida | This birth defect – specifically what’s called a neural tube defect – occurs on a continuum: It can be more or less severe. The most severe form is known as myelomeningocele.Depending upon severity, spina bifida can lead to a range of complications. | Weak leg muscles (in some cases, the infant can't move them at all), Seizures., Bowel or bladder problems. | Surgery to close the spinal defect, management of complications, physical therapy, assistive devices. |
| Spinal cord damage | Spinal cord injuries may result from damage to the vertebrae, ligaments or disks of the spinal column or to the spinal cord itself. | Changes in sexual function, sexual sensitivity and fertility, Exaggerated reflex activities or spasms | Supportive care, physical therapy, occupational therapy, assistive devices, surgery (in severe cases). |
| Sprains | A sprain occurs when you overextend or tear a ligament while severely stressing a joint. | muscle cramping, bruising may occur but may be delayed for several days | Rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE), pain relievers, physical therapy. |
| sprains (injury to ligaments) | A sprain is a stretching or tearing of ligaments — the tough bands of fibrous tissue that connect two bones together in your joints. The most common location for a sprain is in your ankle. | Hearing or feeling a "pop" in your joint at the time of injury, Limited ability to move the affected joint | Rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE), physical therapy, bracing, surgery (in severe cases). |
| Sprains and Strains | Falling, twisting, or getting hit can all cause a sprain. | unable to move joint | Rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE), pain relief medications, physical therapy. |
| Stroke and Vascular Diseases | Stroke is the leading cause of permanent disability in adults. An ischemic stroke is when blood flow to the brain is impaired by a blocked blood vessel. A hemorrhagic stroke is when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures, causing bleeding into the brain. | Cognitive or emotional symptoms, such as fear, anxiety or deja vu, Uncontrollable jerking movements of the arms and leg, Confusion and disorientation | Clot-dissolving medications (if ischemic stroke), medications to prevent blood clots, rehabilitation, lifestyle changes, surgery in some cases. |
| Symphysis pubis dysfunction | Symphysis pubis dysfunction (SPD) is a group of symptoms that cause discomfort in the pelvic region. It usually occurs during pregnancy, It can occur both at the front and back of your pelvis. | pain in your lower back on one or both sides, pain in your perineum, the area between the anus and vagina, pain in the front center of your pubic bone | Rest, physical therapy, pelvic support belts, pain relief medications, corticosteroid injections, surgery (in severe cases). |
| Tendinitis and Tenosynovitis | Tendinitis is inflammation of a tendon. Tenosynovitis is tendinitis accompanied by inflammation of the protective covering around the tendon (tendon sheath). | Painful when moved | Rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE), anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, corticosteroid injections. |
| tendonitis (inflammation of the tendons) | Tendinitis is inflammation or irritation of a tendon — the thick fibrous cords that attach muscle to bone. The condition causes pain and tenderness just outside a joint. | a lump may develop along the tendon, a feeling that the tendon is crackling or grating as it moves, pain which worsens on movement | Rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), physical therapy. |
| Torn meniscus | Any activity that causes you to forcefully twist or rotate your knee, especially when putting your full weight on it, can lead to a torn meniscus. | Difficulty straightening your knee fully | #N/A |
| trachoma | Water shortage , poor sanitation and infestation of files . Repeated infections with bacteria known as chamydia travhoma . | Redness on eye, Discharge from the eyes , Irritated eyes | Antibiotic treatment, surgery in severe cases. |
| Trauma | Trauma, including concussion, can be mild or severe, and can cause anything from a mild headache to confusion, loss of consciousness, convulsions and even death. Benish stresses the importance of head protection for everyone. | trouble sleeping or concentrating, feeling angry or irritable, taking risks, Negative thoughts and feelings such as fear, anger, guilt, or feeling flat or numb a lot of the time, distressing, unwanted memories, vivid nightmares and/or flashbacks | Immediate medical attention, surgery (if necessary), physical therapy, occupational therapy, psychological support. |
| Triad asthma. | Samter's Triad is a chronic condition defined by asthma, sinus inflammation with recurring nasal polyps, and aspirin sensitivity. It's also called aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), or ASA triad. | wheezing, diarrhea or vomiting, sneezing, rash, Headache, sinus pain, abdominal pain, coughing, tightness in the chest, flushing of the skin | Avoidance of triggers, medications (inhaled corticosteroids, bronchodilators, leukotriene modifiers), allergy shots, emergency treatment. |
| Trigger Finger | Trigger finger may develop after forceful hand use. | fingers feels like it is locking or catching when try to bend it. | Rest, splinting, corticosteroid injections, physical therapy, surgery (trigger finger release). |
| Tumors | Both benign and malignant tumors can put pressure on brain tissue or destroy tissue, causing problems in the body associated with the area of the brain affected. Tumors can start within the brain or metastasize there from other organs. | Blurred vision, Personality or behavior changes, Nausea and Vomitting, Confusion and disorientation, Balance problems, severe headache, Gradual loss of sensation or movement in an arm or a leg, Hearing problems | Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, supportive care. |
| Ulcerative Colitis. | The symptoms of ulcerative colitis are very similar to those of Crohn's, but the part of the digestive tract affected is solely the large intestine, also known as the colon. | Inability to defecate despite urgency., Unintended weight loss (in later stages), fatigue, Rectal pain., abdominal pain | Medications (anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressants, biologics), dietary changes, surgery (in severe cases). |
| Ureaplasma urealyticum | Most healthy women have these bacteria in their cervix or vagina, and a smaller number of men also have them in their urethra. | Pain, odor, or discharge | #N/A |
| Uvetils | Symptoms may occur suddenly and may get worse quickly . Though in some cases they grow gradually .They may affect one or both eyes .It can be serious permanent vision loss . | Dark , Floating Spots in your vision, Blurred Vision, Eye Pain, Redness on eye | Corticosteroid eye drops, injections, oral medications. |
| Vertebral fracture | When bones are brittle, your vertebrae aren’t strong enough to support your spine in everyday activities. When you bend to lift an object, miss a step, or slip on a carpet, you can put your spinal bones at risk of fracture. | Frequent feeling that a foot or hand has "fallen asleep", Deformity and disability | Rest, pain relief medications, bracing, physical therapy, surgery (in severe cases). |
| Vulvar cancer | Vulvar cancer is a type of cancer that occurs on the outer surface area of the female genitalia. The vulva is the area of skin that surrounds the urethra and vagina, including the clitoris and labia. | Bleeding that isn't from menstruation, A lump, wartlike bumps or an open sore (ulcer), Skin changes, such as color changes or thickening | Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, supportive care. |
| Whiplash | Whiplash typically occurs when your head is forcefully and quickly thrown backward and then forward. | Worsening of pain with neck movement, Neck pain and stiffness, Headaches, most often starting at the base of the skull, Loss of range of motion in the neck | Rest, pain relief medications, physical therapy, massage, heat therapy, neck braces. |
More Disease You Want to Know