Type 4 Hyperlipoproteinemia, also known as Type IV hyperlipidemia, is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of triglycerides in the blood. It is a form of dyslipidemia, which refers to abnormal levels of lipids (fats) in the bloodstream.

The primary cause of Type 4 Hyperlipoproteinemia is usually a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It is commonly associated with insulin resistance, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. People with this condition often have increased levels of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and triglycerides, which can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Type V Hyperlipoproteinemia, also known as mixed hyperlipoproteinemia, is another type of dyslipidemia characterized by elevated levels of both triglycerides and cholesterol. It is a combination of Type IIa (familial hypercholesterolemia) and Type IV (hypertriglyceridemia) conditions. Type V Hyperlipoproteinemia is also associated with various genetic and environmental factors, including obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes.

Hypertriglyceridemia can refer to both Type 4 and Type 5 hyperlipoproteinemia. Type 4 hyperlipoproteinemia is specifically characterized by elevated triglyceride levels, while Type 5 hyperlipoproteinemia is characterized by extremely high triglyceride levels, along with the presence of chylomicrons in the blood. The distinction between Type 4 and Type 5 hyperlipoproteinemia is based on the specific lipoprotein abnormalities observed in each condition.