Short stature: Girls with Turner syndrome tend to have shorter than average height, often noticeable during childhood and adolescence.

Webbed neck: Some individuals with Turner syndrome have a webbed appearance of the neck, characterized by extra folds of skin or a low hairline at the back of the neck.

Lack of puberty development: Girls with Turner syndrome may experience delayed or incomplete development of secondary sexual characteristics during puberty, such as the absence of breast development and limited or no menstrual periods.

Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder that occurs in females when one of the two X chromosomes is missing or partially missing. The effects and complications of Turner syndrome can vary among individuals but may include:

Infertility: Many girls with Turner syndrome have underdeveloped or absent ovaries, which can result in infertility.

Heart and kidney problems: Some individuals with Turner syndrome may have structural abnormalities of the heart and kidneys, increasing the risk of certain health conditions.

Hearing and vision difficulties: Turner syndrome can be associated with hearing loss and visual impairments.

Learning and social difficulties: Some individuals with Turner syndrome may experience challenges with spatial awareness, mathematics, and social interactions.

Turner syndrome is caused by a random error during the formation of reproductive cells in one of the parents. The most common cause is the absence of an X chromosome in the egg, resulting in a monosomy X karyotype (45,X). In rare cases, other chromosomal abnormalities or mosaicism (presence of two or more different cell lines with distinct genetic makeup) can contribute to Turner syndrome.

Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome are both genetic disorders involving sex chromosomes, but they affect different sexes and have distinct characteristics:

Turner syndrome occurs in females and is characterized by the absence or partial absence of an X chromosome (45,X karyotype). It is associated with short stature, lack of puberty development, and other possible health complications.

Klinefelter syndrome occurs in males and is characterized by the presence of an extra X chromosome (47,XXY karyotype). It leads to physical, hormonal, and reproductive differences in males, such as tall stature, gynecomastia (enlarged breasts), infertility, and potential learning and behavioral difficulties.

It is important to note that both Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome vary in their presentation and effects among individuals, and diagnosis and management should be guided by healthcare professionals specializing in genetic disorders.