Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) refers to a combination of physical and emotional symptoms that occur in the days leading up to menstruation. While the specific symptoms can vary among individuals, there are several common signs associated with PMS. Understanding these symptoms, their underlying causes, and when they typically start can help individuals recognize and manage PMS effectively.

Mood swings: Many individuals experience mood changes, such as irritability, moodiness, anxiety, or depression during the premenstrual phase.

Bloating: Some women may notice bloating or water retention, leading to feelings of abdominal fullness or discomfort.

Breast tenderness: Swollen or sensitive breasts are a common symptom of PMS, with some women experiencing pain or discomfort in the breast area.

The exact cause of PMS is still not fully understood. However, hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle are believed to play a significant role. The levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body rise and fall throughout the cycle, and these hormonal changes can contribute to the development of PMS symptoms. Other factors that may influence PMS include neurotransmitter imbalances, serotonin levels, and certain lifestyle and psychological factors.

PMS symptoms typically start a week or two before the onset of menstruation. For most women, symptoms tend to peak in intensity around the days immediately preceding menstruation and improve once menstruation begins. However, the timing and duration of PMS symptoms can vary from person to person.

Apart from the common symptoms mentioned earlier, premenstrual syndrome can manifest in various ways. Here are five or more additional symptoms that some individuals may experience:

Fatigue or low energy levels

Food cravings or increased appetite

Headaches or migraines

Sleep disturbances, such as insomnia or excessive sleepiness

Changes in bowel habits, such as constipation or diarrhea

Acne breakouts or skin changes

Joint or muscle pain

Difficulty concentrating or experiencing brain fog

Changes in libido or sexual desire

Feeling overwhelmed or having difficulty managing stress

It is important to note that the severity and specific symptoms can vary from month to month, and not all women experience all of these symptoms.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) encompasses a range of physical and emotional symptoms that occur prior to menstruation. While three common symptoms include mood swings, bloating, and breast tenderness, there are various other symptoms that individuals may experience. The exact cause of PMS is not fully understood, but hormonal fluctuations and other factors likely contribute. Recognizing the onset of symptoms and understanding their patterns can help individuals better manage PMS through lifestyle modifications, self-care practices, and, in some cases, medical interventions. If the symptoms significantly interfere with daily life or become unmanageable, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and guidance.