Acute Urinary Retention (AUR) is a condition characterized by the sudden inability to empty the bladder. It is a urological emergency that requires prompt medical attention. In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, and management of AUR, providing valuable information for both patients and healthcare professionals.

AUR can be caused by various factors that either block the passage of urine or paralyze the detrusor muscle responsible for bladder contraction. Some common causes include:

Obstruction: Conditions such as Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), urethral stricture, urethral calculus, and vesical calculus can obstruct the flow of urine, leading to AUR.

Paralysis of Detrusor Muscle: Neurological diseases like spinal cord compression, stroke, transverse myelitis, or head injury can impair the normal function of the detrusor muscle, resulting in AUR.

Drug-induced: Certain medications like opioids, anticholinergics, anti-histamines, anti-diarrheals, and flavoxate can interfere with bladder function and contribute to AUR.

AUR presents with distinct symptoms that indicate a urinary emergency. It is crucial to be aware of these symptoms and seek immediate medical attention. Some common signs of AUR include:

Inability to urinate despite having the urge.

Severe lower abdominal pain and discomfort.

A distended and tender bladder.

Incomplete bladder emptying.

Weak urinary stream or dribbling.

The management of AUR involves a systematic approach based on the underlying cause and the patient's clinical condition. Here is a simplified treatment algorithm commonly followed:

Attempt Gentle Urethral Catheterization: In cases of AUR, immediate relief is provided by catheterizing the urethra to drain the accumulated urine. This procedure should be performed gently and by trained healthcare professionals.

Catheterization Successful: If catheterization is successful, a catheter may be left in place for 1-3 days to allow the bladder to regain its normal function. Close monitoring is necessary during this period.

Catheterization Fails: If urethral catheterization fails, a suprapubic cystostomy (a surgical procedure to create a temporary opening in the bladder) may be performed, or the patient should be promptly referred to a urologist for further evaluation and management.

Treat the Underlying Cause: Once the acute episode of AUR is resolved, it is essential to address the underlying cause. This may involve medications, such as alpha blockers, for 2-4 days, or surgical intervention, depending on the specific condition.

Acute Urinary Retention is a distressing condition that requires immediate medical attention. By understanding the causes, recognizing the symptoms, and following the appropriate treatment algorithm, healthcare professionals can effectively manage AUR and alleviate the patient's discomfort. It is crucial for patients to seek prompt medical help when experiencing symptoms of AUR to avoid complications and ensure a timely recovery.

Note: The information provided in this article is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a healthcare provider for specific guidance on the management of Acute Urinary Retention in Men.