Bartonellosis, also known as cat-scratch disease, is an infectious bacterial disease caused by Bartonella species. It primarily affects humans and is most commonly transmitted through the scratch or bite of infected cats. While most cases of Bartonellosis are mild and self-limiting, severe or prolonged cases may require medical intervention. In this article, we will explore the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for Bartonellosis.

Symptoms of Bartonellosis:

The symptoms of Bartonellosis usually appear within 1-2 weeks after exposure to the bacteria. Common signs and symptoms include:

Swollen lymph nodes: The primary symptom of Bartonellosis is the development of enlarged and tender lymph nodes, typically in the area where the scratch or bite occurred.

Fatigue and malaise: Many individuals with Bartonellosis experience fatigue, general malaise, and a lack of energy.

Fever: Low-grade fever is commonly observed, especially in more severe cases of the disease.

Headache: Some individuals may experience mild to moderate headaches, which can be accompanied by other flu-like symptoms.

Skin lesions: In a small percentage of cases, Bartonellosis can cause skin lesions, including red bumps or pustules at the site of the scratch or bite.

Causes of Bartonellosis:

Bartonellosis is primarily caused by the transmission of Bartonella bacteria from infected cats to humans. Cats can become infected with Bartonella through flea bites or exposure to flea feces. The bacteria can be found in the cat's saliva and can be transmitted to humans when they are scratched or bitten, or if the cat licks an open wound. Other modes of transmission, though rare, can include contact with contaminated soil or fleas.

Treatment of Bartonellosis:

In most cases, Bartonellosis resolves on its own without specific medical treatment. However, if symptoms persist or become severe, medical intervention may be necessary. Treatment options for Bartonellosis include:

Antibiotics: In cases where symptoms are severe or persistent, antibiotics such as azithromycin, doxycycline, or ciprofloxacin may be prescribed to help eliminate the bacteria and reduce symptoms. The choice of antibiotic and duration of treatment depend on the severity and individual patient factors.

Supportive care: General measures to alleviate symptoms include rest, over-the-counter pain relievers (under medical guidance), and warm compresses to reduce lymph node swelling and discomfort.

To reduce the risk of contracting Bartonellosis, especially from cats, the following precautions can be taken:

Avoid rough play with cats and be cautious when handling them to minimize the risk of scratches and bites.

Maintain good flea control for household pets and avoid contact with stray cats.

Wash any cat scratches or bites thoroughly with soap and water.

If you develop symptoms of Bartonellosis after a cat scratch or bite, seek medical attention promptly.

Bartonellosis, or cat-scratch disease, is a bacterial infection commonly transmitted from cats to humans. While most cases are mild and resolve without medical intervention, severe or persistent cases may require treatment with antibiotics. If you experience symptoms such as swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, or fever following contact with a cat, it's important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. By taking necessary precautions and seeking timely medical care, the impact of Bartonellosis can be minimized, promoting a swift recovery and overall well-being.

Reference: 

Cat Scratch Disease: kidshealth.org